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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a well-known condition of the nervous system that affects 44 percent of the population. It is accompanied by high rates of comorbidity (depression anxiety, anxiety, and alcohol abuse) and significant emotional, social, and occupational impairments. Both medication and psychotherapy are effective treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. The most frequently prescribed medications are stimulants such as methylphenidate or amphetamine. Medicines Many people with ADHD notice significant improvement in their symptoms and functioning due to medications. Because of the different ways people respond to medications it is crucial for people with ADHD to find a combination that works best. Adults suffering from ADHD are prescribed stimulants, such as methylphenidate or amphetamines. They are available in liquid or tablet form in an immediate-release (short acting) formulation. They can be taken every three to four hours. Adults may supplement an immediate-release medication with an extended-release long-acting medication every week to lessen the requirement to take it often throughout the day. Adults suffering from ADHD are also treated successfully with antidepressants like desipramine. This class of drugs can be used in conjunction with stimulants, or in isolation to boost their effects. They can also increase the risk of serious adverse effects, including rapid heartbeats, EKG changes and orthostatic hypotension. Adults with ADHD can also be treated using alprazolam and clonidine, which are both Alpha-2 antagonists of the adrenergic system. These medications, originally developed to treat high blood pressure, can have a calming effect and can increase focus and reduce the amount of impulsivity and hyperactivity in some adults. However, these drugs can cause a very low blood pressure if they are suddenly cut off or reduced in dosage. Psychotherapy is also beneficial for adults with ADHD. Individual therapy can help them overcome feelings of shame, embarrassment, and resentment towards co-workers and supervisors, teachers, and family members that may criticize or nag them. Family and marriage counseling is also a great way to help couples with ADHD improve their understanding of each other and improve their communication. untreated adhd in adults relationships for adults suffering from ADHD is designed to improve daily functioning by teaching strategies and skills. Psychotherapy can also aid those who suffer from ADHD overcome their low self-esteem and feeling of failure that is often associated with this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), also known as cognitive behavior therapy, assists people in changing their negative thoughts and feelings that cause difficulties in their lives. It helps them learn new ways to think, feel and act. This short-term, goal-oriented psychotherapy has been shown to be effective in treating many conditions, including anxiety and depression. It can be used alone or in conjunction with other therapies. CBT can also incorporate group therapy. This is particularly beneficial for adults with ADHD because it enables them to connect with other people who have similar struggles and discover how they deal with their ADHD symptoms. CBT can be provided in person or over the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to the standard treatment for adults who have ADHD. Both treatments improved self-report measures like symptoms, functioning and quality of life. CBT has been studied in comparison to other psychosocial treatments for adults with ADHD. All of these studies demonstrate significant reductions in ADHD symptoms with effects that range from moderate to large. These improvements were attributed to diverse approaches such as cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skill training, problem-solving exercises, and mindfulness meditation. It is important to compare the effectiveness of different treatments for adults with ADHD with caution. It is likely that the different outcomes of the treatments are due to a variety of variables such as treatment characteristics, measures used as well as the backgrounds of the patients. There are few studies that have investigated the effectiveness of neurofeedback. This technique involves wearing an electrode-lined hat while performing cognitive tasks to pinpoint brain areas in which there is a lack or excess of activity. The person then learns to control these patterns. Counseling Many people suffering from ADHD also suffer from anxiety or mood disorders that need treatment. Counseling can help address these issues that may be contributing ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is among the psychotherapy approaches which can improve the ability of a person to resolve conflicts and develop lasting relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help manage impulsive, self-destructive, and negative behaviors that could cause problems at work or school. In some instances psychotherapy may be used as an adjunct to medications for adult ADHD treatment for adults. Patients with co-occurring disorders like addiction to substances, depression and bipolar disorder need to be assessed to ensure that their symptoms aren't made worse through the use of medications to treat ADHD. People with certain medical issues like thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and seizures in the past, have to be treated more aggressively because they are at a higher risk for complications from the medication. When ADHD is severe enough to interfere with everyday functioning and quality of life intensive outpatient programs might be recommended. These programs provide an organized treatment that is more intensive than conventional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps adults with ADHD improve their ability to manage time and impulse control, as well as planning, and executive function. It helps them recognize and express their emotions, and it uses activities and worksheets to make the lessons interesting. The training in mindfulness meditation can enhance CBT and enhances the capacity of a person to concentrate and manage emotions. It increases the capacity of a person to manage anxiety and stress. It can assist them in dealing with anger, sadness and other difficult emotions which could be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults suffering from ADHD have issues functioning at work and at home. In addition to affecting work performance, these conditions can cause problems with relationships and can lead to financial difficulties. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you to improve your self-esteem and address the root of the issue. It will also assist you in developing healthy coping methods. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a useful treatment for adults with ADHD because it helps you modify your negative beliefs and behaviors. In particular, it focuses on teaching you to use strategies to manage your time and eliminate thinking distortions that contribute to negative moods and perceptions of limited choices. Many people with ADHD have depression or anxiety disorders as comorbid conditions. These psychiatric conditions can decrease or even increase the effectiveness of some medications used to treat ADHD. It is recommended that you first treat the most severe comorbid condition and then monitor the response to the medication before treating the other disorder. Occupational therapy can help you learn methods to organize your life and work, create routines that are predictable, manage money and time and develop a positive self-image. It can help you learn relaxation methods that may reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. Additionally yoga and other forms of exercise can help you focus better by stabilizing your body in different poses. Family and marriage counseling can help address the issues that adults suffering from ADHD frequently create for their spouses, children and their families. They often complain about being insecure, unorganized, and susceptible to making decisions based on impulsivity. Therapy and classes in which spouses and other family members are educated on ADHD can help you establish healthier relationships. It can also help you and your family members understand that the problems are due to ADHD and not the lack of care or a refusal to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a highly frequent neurobiological disorder. It is accompanied by a high rate of comorbidity, such as anxiety, depression, and substance abuse disorders. Treatment options include medication and psychosocial interventions. A variety of medications are available to adults suffering from ADHD, and some of these have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have revealed the advantages and drawbacks of the medication. Adults who suffer from ADHD might experience the same symptoms as children do, but it is difficult to identify since childhood symptoms may not persist in adulthood. what happens if adhd is left untreated in adults suffering from ADHD might not have a family background of the disorder or may not remember symptoms. It is essential to take an extensive medical history to determine if the symptoms are due to an illness, like thyroid issues such as sleep apnea, sleep apnea and vision issues. Adults suffering from ADHD are treated with stimulants or nonstimulants. Stimulants are the most effective drugs for treating adults with ADHD and their response rates are in the 70%-80 percent range. The most commonly used stimulants are methylphenidate and amphetamine compounds. Methylphenidate can also be found as a transdermal solution, that allows for continuous medication delivery throughout the day. Nonstimulant drugs for adults with ADHD are primarily tricyclic antidepressants that target norepinephrine and dopamine. Desipramine, which is the most researched tricyclic, has shown to be effective in adult ADHD patients. It is a low dose drug and should be increased by 50 mg every 7 days until the desired response is observed. Bupropion XL is a different antidepressant that has been shown to be effective in adults with ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine in the presynaptic receptor, thereby increasing its use in the brain. This drug has been proven to boost mood in adults and reduce hyperactivity however it's not as effective in improving concentration or cognitive functions as stimulants.